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Discover Background Data and Resources:

• Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.

• Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through the Ebola timeline.

• This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events.

• Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to discover and learn more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.

Timeline of Special Pathogens:

*Click for a screen reader accessible table of this timeline.

Collection Resources

• 

  Macrophage Activation Marker Soluble CD163 Associated with Fatal and Severe Ebola Virus Disease in Humans

  Tags Ebola, Laboratory Testing, R-Res&Pub, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Virology
  Creator: McElroy, A. K., P. Shrivastava-Ranjan, J. R. Harmon, R. B. Martines, L. Silva-Flannery, T. D. Flietstra, C. S. Kraft, A. K. Mehta, G. M. Lyon, J. B. Varkey, B. S. Ribner, S. T. Nichol, S. R. Zaki, and C. F. Spiropoulou
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2019-02
  Description: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is associated with elevated cytokine levels, and hypercytokinemia is more pronounced in fatal cases. This type of hyperinflammatory state is reminiscent of 2 rheumatologic disorders known as macrophage activation syndrome…

• Ebola virus disease and critical illness

  Tags Critical Care, Ebola, R-Res&Pub, R-T&C
  Creator: Leligdowicz, A., W. A. Fischer, 2nd, T. M. Uyeki, T. E. Fletcher, N. K. Adhikari, G. Portella, F. Lamontagne, C. Clement, S. T. Jacob, L. Rubinson, A. Vanderschuren, J. Hajek, S. Murthy, M. Ferri, I. Crozier, E. Ibrahima, M. C. Lamah, J. S.…
  Subject: Treatment & Care
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2016-07-29
  Description: As of 20 May 2016 there have been 28,646 cases and 11,323 deaths resulting from the West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak reported to the World Health Organization.

• New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature.

  Tags Ebola, R-Res&Pub, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Virology
  Creator: Kuhn, J. H., T. Adachi, N. K. J. Adhikari, J. R. Arribas, I. E. Bah, D. G. Bausch, N. Bhadelia, M. Borchert, A. B. Brantsaeter, D. M. Brett-Major, T. H. Burgess, D. S. Chertow, C. G. Chute, T. J. Cieslak, R. Colebunders, I. Crozier, R. T. Davey, H.…
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2019-05
  Description: The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a…

• Ebola virus disease: implications for solid organ transplantation

  Tags Antibodies, Contact Transmission, Ebola, Infection Prevention and Control, R-DM, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Virology
  Creator: Kaul, D. R., A. K. Mehta, C. R. Wolfe, E. Blumberg, and M. Green
  Subject: Decedent Management
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2015-01
  Description: The authors recommend a simple, common‐sense approach to screening deceased and living donors for exposure to Ebola virus and thus reducing the risk of Ebola virus transmission from organ donor to recipient.

• Care of patients with Ebola virus disease

  Tags Infection Prevention and Control, Isolate, Nursing, R-Res&Pub, R-T&C, Staff Support, Staffing, Training, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
  Creator: Feistritzer, N. R., C. Hill, S. Vanairsdale, and J. Gentry
  Subject: Treatment & Care
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2014-11
  Description: Caring for patients with Ebola virus disease requires strict biosafety protocols to eliminate exposure and ensure containment. Training and competency verification were critical to creation of a safe environment for nursing staff involved in the…

• Defining antigen-specific plasmablast and memory B cell subsets in human blood after viral infection or vaccination.

  Tags Antibodies, Ebola, Immunology, R-Res&Pub, Vaccine Study, Virology
  Creator: Ellebedy, A. H., K. J. Jackson, H. T. Kissick, H. I. Nakaya, C. W. Davis, K. M. Roskin, A. K. McElroy, C. M. Oshansky, R. Elbein, S. Thomas, G. M. Lyon, C. F. Spiropoulou, A. K. Mehta, P. G. Thomas, S. D. Boyd, and R. Ahmed
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2016-10
  Description: Antigen-specific B cells bifurcate into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and memory B cells (MBCs) after infection or vaccination.
• 

  Pre-hospital transportation in Western countries for Ebola patients, comparison of guidelines.

  Tags Ebola, EMS, Ground Transport, Guidance Document, Patient Transport, Pre-Hospital, Pre-hospital Transport, R-EMS, R-PreH, R-Res&Pub, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
  Creator: Coignard-Biehler, H., A. Isakov, and J. Stephenson
  Subject: Pre-hospital
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2015-08
  Description: Although the epidemic is largely confined to West Africa, most Western countries where there is a possible risk of imported EVD have developed guidelines and procedures for the transport of confirmed or suspected cases of EVD. Specific…

• Essentials of filoviral load quantification.

  Tags Ebola, Outbreaks, R-Res&Pub, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Virology
  Creator: Cnops, L., J. van Griensven, A. N. Honko, D. G. Bausch, A. Sprecher, C. E. Hill, R. Colebunders, J. C. Johnson, A. Griffiths, G. F. Palacios, C. S. Kraft, G. Kobinger, A. Hewlett, D. A. Norwood, P. Sabeti, P. B. Jahrling, P. Formenty, J. H. Kuhn, and…
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2016-07
  Description: Quantitative measurement of viral load is an important parameter in the management of filovirus disease outbreaks because viral load correlates with severity of disease, survival, and infectivity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

• Patients under investigation for Ebola virus disease in the United States: hospital preparedness planning and alternate care facilities

  Tags Biosafety, Bioseal, Ebola, Infection Prevention and Control, Preparedness, R-IIT, R-Res&Pub, R-T&E, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
  Creator: Bogucki, S., and A. Isakov.
  Subject: Intake and Internal Transport
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2015-05
  Description: Many months into a still-worsening epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in three West African nations, the U.S. health care system was challenged by its first undiagnosed EVD patient presenting to a hospital emergency department (ED) in Dallas,…

• Longitudinal Analysis of the Human B Cell Response to Ebola Virus Infection

  Tags Ebola, Immunology, Outbreaks, R-Res&Pub, Research, Vaccine Study
  Creator: Davis CW, Jackson KJL, McElroy AK, Halfmann P, Huang J, Chennareddy C, Piper AE, Leung Y, Albariño CG, Crozier I, Ellebedy AH, Sidney J, Sette A, Yu T, Nielsen SCA, Goff AJ, Spiropoulou CF, Saphire EO, Cavet G, Kawaoka Y, Mehta AK, Glass PJ, Boyd SD,…
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2019-05-30
  Description: Ebola virus (EBOV) remains a public health threat. We performed a longitudinal study of B cell responses to EBOV in four survivors of the 2014 West African outbreak.