Discover Background Data and Resources:

• Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.

• Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through the Ebola timeline.

• This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events.

• Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to discover and learn more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.

Timeline of Special Pathogens:

*Click for a screen reader accessible table of this timeline.

Collection Resources

• 

  Distribution of airborne influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in an urgent care medical clinic

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Contact Transmission, Droplet Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, Occupational Exposure, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Lindsley, William G., Francoise M. Blachere, Kristina A. Davis, Terri A. Pearce, Melanie A. Fisher, Rashida Khakoo, Stephen M. Davis, Mark E. Rogers, Robert E. Thewlis, Jose A. Posada, John B. Redrow, Ismail B. Celik, Bean T. Chen, and Donald H.…
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2010-03-01
  Description: Considerable controversy exists with regard to whether influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are spread by the inhalation of infectious airborne particles and about the importance of this route, compared with droplet or contact…
• 

  Viable influenza A virus in airborne particles expelled during coughs versus exhalations

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, Occupational Exposure, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Lindsley, William G., Francoise M. Blachere, Donald H. Beezhold, Robert E. Thewlis, Bahar Noorbakhsh, Sreekumar Othumpangat, William T. Goldsmith, Cynthia M. McMillen, Michael E. Andrew, Carmen N. Burrell, and John D. Noti.
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2016-09
  Description: To prepare for a possible influenza pandemic, a better understanding of the potential for the airborne transmission of influenza from person to person is needed.
• 

  Quantification of Influenza Virus RNA in Aerosols in Patient Rooms

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, Occupational Exposure, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Leung, Nancy H. L., Jie Zhou, Daniel K. W. Chu, Han Yu, William G. Lindsley, Donald H. Beezhold, Hui-Ling Yen, Yuguo Li, Wing-Hong Seto, Joseph S. M. Peiris, and Benjamin J. Cowling.
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2016-02-05
  Description: The potential for human influenza viruses to spread through fine particle aerosols remains controversial.

• Validation and Application of Models to Predict Facemask Influenza Contamination in Healthcare Settings

  Tags Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, Mask, Masks, Occupational Exposure, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Fisher, Edward M., John D. Noti, William G. Lindsley, Francoise M. Blachere, and Ronald E. Shaffer.
  Subject: Infection Control
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2014-08
  Description: Facemasks are part of the hierarchy of interventions used to reduce the transmission of respiratory pathogens by providing a barrier.
• 

  Exposure to influenza virus aerosols in the hospital setting: is routine patient care an aerosol generating procedure?

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, Occupational Exposure, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Cummings, Kristin J., Stephen B. Martin, Jr., William G. Lindsley, Sreekumar Othumpangat, Francoise M. Blachere, John D. Noti, Donald H. Beezhold, Nasira Roidad, John E. Parker, and David N. Weissman.
  Subject: Infection Control
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2014-08-01
  Description: We read with interest the article by Bischoff et al, in which they describe detection of influenza virus in aerosols around hospitalized patients with influenza virus infection who were receiving routine care.
• 

  Bioaerosol Sampling for Respiratory Viruses in Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit Network

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Coleman, Kristen K., Tham T. Nguyen, Su Yadana, Christophe Hansen-Estruch, William G. Lindsley, and Gregory C. Gray.
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2018-11-30
  Description: As a leading global city with a high population density, Singapore is at risk for the introduction of novel biological threats.
• 

  Bioaerosol sampling for the detection of aerosolized influenza virus

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, R-Res&Pub, Therapeutics
  Creator: Blachere, Francoise M., William G. Lindsley, James E. Slaven, Brett J. Green, Stacey E. Anderson, Bean T. Chen, and Don H. Beezhold.
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2007-05
  Description: A Collison single-jet nebulizer was used to aerosolize the attenuated FluMist vaccine into a calm-air settling chamber.
• 

  Measurement of airborne influenza virus in a hospital emergency department

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Blachere, Francoise M., William G. Lindsley, Terri A. Pearce, Stacey E. Anderson, Melanie Fisher, Rashida Khakoo, Barbara J. Meade, Owen Lander, Stephen Davis, Robert E. Thewlis, Ismail Celik, Bean T. Chen, and Donald H. Beezhold.
  Subject: Research
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2009-02-15
  Description: Size-fractionated aerosol particles were collected in a hospital emergency department to test for airborne influenza virus.
• 

  Assessment of influenza virus exposure and recovery from contaminated surgical masks and N95 respirators

  Tags Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, Mask, Masks, N95, Occupational Exposure, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Blachere, Francoise M., William G. Lindsley, Cynthia M. McMillen, Donald H. Beezhold, Edward M. Fisher, Ronald E. Shaffer, and John D. Noti.
  Subject: Infection Control
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2018-10
  Description: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at significantly higher risk of exposure to influenza virus during seasonal epidemics and global pandemics.
• 

  Enhanced detection of infectious airborne influenza virus

  Tags Airborne Transmission, Flu, Infection Prevention and Control, Influenza, R-Res&Pub
  Creator: Blachere, Francoise M., Gang Cao, William G. Lindsley, John D. Noti, and Donald H. Beezhold.
  Subject: Infection Control
  Item Type: Publication
  Date Last Updated: 2011-09
  Description: Current screening methodologies for detecting infectious airborne influenza virus are limited and lack sensitivity.