-
Publication
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Citation
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<div><span id="citation-article-authors"><span>Organisation mondiale de la Santé</span>. </span><span id="citation-article-date">(2015). </span><span id="citation-article-title">Prise en charge clinique des infections respiratoires aiguës sévères lorsqu’une infection par le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV) est soupçonnée : lignes directrices provisoires. </span><span id="citation-publisher">Organisation mondiale de la Santé. </span><span id="citation-article-identifier"><a href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186680">https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186680</a></span></div>
Accessibility
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Free Online, © Organisation mondiale de la Santé 2015
URL
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186680
Read Online
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https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186680
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Prise en charge clinique des infections respiratoires aiguës sévères lorsqu’une infection par le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV) est soupçonnée - Lignes directrices provisoires
Subject
The topic of the resource
Contenu Français
Description
An account of the resource
<a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/items/show/559">Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected - Interim guidance</a> - in French.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-07
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
R-Res&Pub
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/42cc1379f3523ef4c23835c9b4049a9b.png
ffa8193d03702a0b82a1a1ca19b763a4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Webinar
Portal access to a webinar
URL
https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/calls/2017/callinfo_110217.asp
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Ecology of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
Subject
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General
Description
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This webinar discusses Nipah virus and Ebola in terms of how human activity increases contact with wildlife and thus zoonotic disease emergence, and discusses interventions that reduce such risk.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
CDC, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response (CDC OPHPR)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-11-02
Contributor
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2022-03-17 by Anna Yaffee (Adult Care Group) keep in Resource Library
2023-02-19 by Anna Yaffee T&C group Q1 review
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2026-02-19
Avian Influenza
Coronavirus
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
Ebola
Epidemic
Lassa
Marburg
Nipah (NiV)
Outbreaks
Pandemic
Public Health
R-Gen
Respiratory Pathogen
SARS
Special Pathogens
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/45e9d41c887cd61b7f8b5ef3a3b82630.pdf
99e6c2f5f51702c3f6ae93501ac10062
PDF Text
Text
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
S t r a t e g i c Plan: 2018 –2023
�VISION
Prevent infections,
protect people,
save lives
MISSION
To reduce illness and
death associated with
emerging and zoonotic
infectious diseases and
to protect against the
unintentional or intentional
spread of infectious diseases
�NCEZID Strategic Plan: 2018—2023
The National Center for
Emerging and Zoonotic
Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
was established in 2010 with a mission
and scientific activities that trace back to
the earliest days of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) including
protecting against and responding to
infectious disease outbreaks.
This document is a strategic roadmap for
the work necessary to realize the Center’s
vision: prevent infections, protect people,
and save lives.
NCEZID is responsible for the prevention,
control, and management of a wide range of
infectious diseases, including rare but deadly
diseases such as anthrax and Ebola virus
disease, as well as more common illnesses
like foodborne disease and healthcareassociated infections. The Center’s expert
staff is on the frontlines every day preparing
for and responding to infectious disease
threats to the nation and the world. Our
world-renowned science staff and programs
also promote water safety, the health of
mobile populations, combatting antibiotic
resistance, and the identification and control
of diseases transmitted by animals and
insects (e.g., rabies, Zika, and Lyme disease).
NCEZID is one of the agency’s principal
sources of epidemiologic, clinical, and
laboratory expertise for bacterial, viral,
and fungal pathogens as well as infectious
diseases of unknown origin. The nation relies
on NCEZID to protect the country from more
than 800 dangerous pathogens.
Collaborations with an ever-expanding
network of partners—federal, state, and local
public health departments; industry; clinical
organizations; public health organizations;
academia; and global multilateral
organizations and ministries of health—help
NCEZID identify mysterious illnesses, contain
outbreaks, and prevent infections.
�Today’s infectious disease challenges
require collaboration and coordination with a wide variety
of stakeholders and partners to advance infectious disease
prevention and control.
Together, NCEZID and its partners are able to accomplish more
than any organization or institution can by working alone. Our
work would not be possible without the help and support of
these partners.
Our diverse programs are supported by a variety of valuable
stakeholders and partners including (but not limited to):
}} State and local health departments
}} Professional organizations
}} National medical associations
}} Patient safety advocates and organizations
}} Businesses
}} Academia
}} Other federal agencies
}} Non-governmental organizations
NCEZID’s first strategic plan (2012–2017)
was developed shortly after its inception as a Center. This
strategic plan is an update of the original one, a restatement and
recalibration of priorities for the next five years (2018–2023).
This document is not intended to be a comprehensive catalog for all
NCEZID activities. Rather, it provides an outline of work that
must be done to fulfill the Center’s mission, and emphasizes
special, urgent initiatives and activities that could have a
significant impact on the health of the nation going forward.
The strategic plan provides clear, consistent, and carefully
considered guidance focusing on Center activities that will most
efficiently prevent infections, protect people, and save lives.
4
�The success of NCEZID’s strategic plan
requires continued leadership, partnership, and excellence in a
wide range of diverse but interrelated areas such as:
}} Infectious disease surveillance, epidemiology,
laboratory, behavioral, and social science
}} State-of-the-art laboratory services and support for CDC’s
infectious disease laboratories
}} Domestic and global health security (e.g., preparedness and
response against emerging infections and biothreats)
}} Detection of and response to disease outbreaks caused by
bacterial, viral, and fungal organisms
}} Advanced Molecular Detection, including next-generation
sequencing and related technologies
}} Healthcare-associated infections
}} Antibiotic resistance
}} Foodborne and waterborne diseases
}} Vector-borne diseases
}} High-consequence but rare infectious diseases
(e.g., anthrax and Ebola)
}} Diseases that affect special and vulnerable populations
(e.g., Native Americans), and understanding the role of
sociodemographic and cultural factors in disease
}} Discovery of new pathogens and investigation of
undefined illnesses
}} The connection between human health, animal health,
and the environment (i.e., One Health)
}} Trend analysis, health economics, and predictive science
}} Health communication, education, evaluation, and
behavioral science
}} Clinical guidelines
5
�STRATEGY 1:
Strengthen public health fundamentals
1.1: Improve infectious disease epidemiologic capacity
domestically and globally
}}Apply advances in scientific methodologies for surveillance,
outbreak investigations, program evaluations, and applied
research in order to improve capacity for early disease
detection, response, and control.
}}Continue to enhance CDC surveillance to inform
prevention and treatment of disease and provide data
that can be used by CDC as well as public health,
academic, and clinical partners to prevent, control, and
manage infectious diseases.
}}Move toward seamless integration of epidemiologic,
laboratory, and clinical data.
}}Use evolving health information technology (IT) tools (e.g.,
electronic health records and portable digital informationcapturing and -transmittal devices) to improve timely reporting
and use of public health data at federal, state, and local levels.
}}Discover and share what is known about the behavioral and
social determinants of infectious diseases with a focus on
disease prevention and protective actions.
1.2: Continually improve laboratory quality, safety, and capacity
}}Create innovative, practical, and cost-effective laboratory
ests (e.g., culture-independent and point-of-service
laboratory tests) to provide more rapid diagnoses,
especially for outside-of-healthcare settings.
}}Improve the ability to rapidly translate diagnostic laboratory
information into effective public health interventions.
}}Embrace a culture of continuous quality improvement in
NCEZID laboratories to secure their identity as national and
nternational centers of high-quality reference diagnostics.
}}Support a network of state, local, federal, and international
laboratories that adhere to strict policies of safety and
security and provide rapid testing capacity to respond to
biological threats and other public health emergencies.
1.3: Strengthen state, local, and territorial public health systems
}}Strengthen collaborations and identify opportunities with
public health partners to bolster state and local public
health program fundamentals and program delivery.
6
}}Provide effective leadership and assistance for NCEZID’s
cooperative agreements (e.g., the Epidemiology and
Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases (ELC) and the
Emerging Infections Program (EIP)) to support epidemiologic
investigations, laboratory infrastructure and expertise,
surveillance, and prevention and intervention strategies for
state and local health departments.
�}}Improve capacity of state and local health departments to
assess their impact and to communicate objectives and
accomplishments.
}}Use targeted approaches in partnership with healthcare and
community organizations to enhance public health program
fundamentals and efficiency of responses to outbreaks and
other public health emergencies.
}}Provide guidance and support to healthcare systems and
public health partners to prevent and treat infections
(e.g., infection control guidance, laboratory guidance,
and clinical guidance).
1.4: Develop partnerships, policy, and effective
communication messaging to protect the public’s health
}}Work with public and private partners to identify broadbased solutions to public health problems at the federal,
state, and local levels.
}}Conduct high-level policy analysis to inform decision-making
and forecast the impact of targeted public health actions.
}}Employ principles of clear communication and appropriate
mass media channels to ensure that NCEZID science
is effectively translated to prevent and control disease
through broad public awareness and action.
}}Develop novel, behavioral, and social science based health
communication strategies for infectious disease threats
that maximize electronic communications (e.g., social
media, web-based applications).
1.5: Attract, maintain, and develop a highly skilled, motivated,
and diverse workforce to fulfill the mission of NCEZID
}}Develop an NCEZID recruiting approach that emphasizes
scientific excellence and supports an effective and
efficient organization.
}}Strengthen the development of NCEZID staff’s technical
and leadership skills.
}}Support the agency’s commitment to diversity in
the workforce.
}}Continue NCEZID’s growth as a learning organization by
regularly evaluating its organizational culture, focusing
on fostering professional growth, innovation, and
cultural competence.
}}Plan for staff succession by actively engaging in workforce
analysis, talent development, knowledge management, and
recruitment strategies.
7
�8
�STRATEGY 2:
Implement high-impact prevention
and intervention strategies
2.1: Use targeted, effective strategies to reduce the burden
of foodborne and waterborne diseases
}}Apply new technologies to more quickly and effectively
detect and respond to foodborne and waterborne disease
outbreaks to reduce the incidence of common, but
preventable, infections.
}}Identify opportunities for prevention and intervention by
expanding scientific information on the incidence, trends,
burden, source attribution, and characteristics of foodborne
and waterborne pathogens and infections.
}}Use what is learned from outbreaks, inspections, and
monitoring systems to develop new and improve existing
strategies for preventing foodborne and waterborne disease.
}}Improve identification of antimicrobial resistance
mechanisms and best practices to slow the spread of
resistance in enteric and fungal pathogens, including in
animal and food production.
}}Strengthen efforts and partnerships to prevent water-,
sanitation-, and hygiene (WASH)-related diseases
domestically and globally, particularly to slow the spread
of cholera.
2.2: Conduct research and implement proven methods
to prevent and control unknown, emerging, and
re-emerging high-consequence pathogens
}}Improve domestic and global efforts to detect, prevent, and
control emerging, high-consequence pathogens, including
biothreat agents.
}}Develop and test laboratory methods to rapidly evaluate
vaccine ability to neutralize high-consequence pathogens.
}}Enhance and expand CDC’s work on developing innovative
diagnostic and surveillance technology, such as e-pathology
and laboratory reporting networks.
2.3: Develop and implement strategies to prevent, detect,
and control vector-borne pathogens
}}Identify and detect vector-borne pathogens and diseases
causing illness in people.
}}Work with jurisdictions and communities to prevent
exposure to vector-borne pathogens and mitigate
consequences of exposure.
}}Implement vector-borne disease diagnostics, surveillance,
control, and prevention programs in collaboration with
international and domestic public health partners.
}}Support the implementation and evaluation of innovative vector
control strategies (e.g., sterile insect techniques and traps).
2.4: Slow the development of new antibiotic resistance,
prevent the resistance that already exists from
spreading, and promote safety and quality in
healthcare delivery systems and patient care
}}Enhance state, local, and regional public health capacity
to prevent, detect, and respond to new and emerging
antibiotic resistance faster (e.g., state/local DOH capacity,
Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network).
}}Continue to prevent healthcare-associated infections and
other adverse health events using data-driven, tailored
approaches to aggressively target prevention implementation
in states and facilities with high infection rates.
}}Promote CDC’s guidelines for infection control and
enhance infection control in high-risk facilities
(e.g., skilled nursing homes).
}}Improve antibiotic use and implement antibiotic
stewardship programs in all healthcare settings.
2.5: Increase public health action to identify, prevent,
and reduce infectious diseases and disparities in
at-risk populations
}}Promote the standardized collection and reporting of data
to identify at-risk populations, including detailed race and
ethnicity, age, gender, pregnancy status, language, and
country of birth/country of origin.
}}Design and implement surveillance, prevention, and
intervention strategies for and with at-risk populations
or groups experiencing health disparities.
}}Develop new knowledge on infectious disease prevalence
in order to reduce health disparities among at-risk
populations specifically including Alaska Natives and other
Native American populations.
}}Conduct research and evaluation that identifies the role of
sociodemographic context and culture in infectious disease
transmission and control in order to better understand and
address health disparities in infectious disease.
9
�STRATEGY 3:
Enhance preparedness, outbreak
detection, and outbreak response
3.1: Improve public health laboratory capacity for
biological threat preparedness and response
}}Enhance capacity of federal, state, local, and other partners to
prepare for, detect, respond to, and prevent infectious disease
threats, including those associated with bioterrorism
(e.g., anthrax), to protect the health of all U.S. citizens.
}}Design and develop novel diagnostic laboratory tests
for biological threats and emerging infectious diseases
for deployment to a network of state, local, federal, and
international laboratories.
}}Strengthen domestic and international laboratory systems
to enhance biosecurity, including improving the capacity of
the Laboratory Response Network for timely detection and
characterization of biothreat agents.
}}Maintain a surge testing laboratory for outbreak response
and emergency support.
}}Develop and update medical countermeasures and
nonmedical mitigation strategies.
3.2: Strengthen outbreak prevention, management, and
response in collaboration with clinical and public
health partners
}}Respond rapidly in the investigation of local, state, national,
and international outbreaks of diseases.
}}Provide scientific and programmatic leadership to CDC’s
public health preparedness and responses, including
centralized scientific resources for CDC’s infectious
disease laboratories.
}}Increase the nation’s laboratory capability to identify
infectious disease threats (e.g., developing, manufacturing,
and distributing diagnostic test kits).
}}Develop and maintain regulatory mechanisms for the use of
medical countermeasures and CDC-developed laboratory tests.
}}Support interagency activities focused on preparedness and
response to emerging infectious diseases.
}}Increase the knowledge and use of incident management
structure and functions.
}}Encourage public compliance with proposed nonmedical
mitigation strategies during future emergencies by
examining psychological, structural, and cultural factors
that contribute towards cooperation.
10
�3.3:Strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and
respond to international outbreaks of public health
concern that cross borders by air, land, or sea
}}Promote effective surveillance and interventions designed
to prevent the importation of infectious diseases into the
United States.
}}Improve planning and operational preparedness through
lessons learned from prior emergency responses involving
imported infectious diseases.
}}Advance the adoption and implementation of 2005
International Health Regulations (IHR) core capacities and
other global health policies in collaboration with other U.S.
and international partners.
3.4: Detect and respond to infectious diseases spread
through the movement of people, animals, and cargo
}}Strengthen infectious disease screening, surveillance, and
prevention efforts for globally mobile populations
(e.g., tuberculosis prevention).
}}Provide recommendations to safeguard the health of U.S.
residents traveling internationally or living abroad.
}}Identify and implement behavioral and other sciencebased infectious disease prevention strategies to help
protect at-risk populations.
3.5: Improve international collaboration and capacities for
emerging infectious disease prevention, surveillance,
control, and research
}}Improve global infection prevention and control practices to
prevent and control outbreaks in healthcare facilities.
}}Provide technical support and assistance for infectious disease
laboratory, epidemiology, surveillance, and behavioral
science and evaluation capacity to international partners.
}}Provide consultation and training to domestic and global
partners to bolster their readiness to respond to
infectious diseases.
11
�12
�STRATEGY 4:
Innovate to stop emerging
and zoonotic infections
4.1: Optimize innovative ways to capture, analyze, and
visualize critical public health data for decision making
}}Develop tools to strengthen the ability to forecast changes
in patterns related to globally mobile populations and
disease outbreaks.
}}Identify and implement innovative approaches to
eliminate healthcare-associated infections.
}}Support the development of new surveillance strategies for
emerging threats.
}}Develop and validate new tools and tests to aid laboratory
detection and identification of new, unknown, emerging,
or bioterror disease threats.
4.2: Develop, implement, and evaluate innovative methods
}}Accelerate the development of metagenomic technologies
to enable faster diagnosis of infectious diseases and to
solve looming public health problems related to cultureindependent diagnostic technologies.
}}Ensure that CDC and state public health laboratories
implement methods and technologies to detect and prevent
new and emerging antimicrobial resistant threats.
4.4: Identify and deploy innovative clinical and public
health approaches through collaborations with state
and local health departments, academia, healthcare,
and the private sector
}}Identify opportunities for greater public health impact
by expanding collaboration across existing CDC-funded
partners and programs.
and tools to better prevent and control emerging and
zoonotic infectious diseases domestically and globally
}}Explore opportunities to transfer diagnostic and intervention
technologies to private sector for large scale application.
}}Advance a One Health approach to prevent, detect, and
respond to emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases.
}}Identify innovative vector control solutions through
collaborations with academia and the private sector
through the Vector-Borne Centers of Excellence.
}}Strengthen collaborations to prevent spread of zoonotic
infections by promoting best practices for environmental health
and animal health, including livestock, pets, and wildlife.
4.5: Conduct and invest in innovative research to identify
and combat antibiotic resistance
}}Develop and lead implementation of emerging
technologies in laboratory, epidemiology,
communications, and information technology.
}}Invest in extramural and intramural innovation to address
critical questions related to healthcare-associated infections
and antimicrobial resistance.
}}Implement the containment strategy as an important
approach to detect, identify, and stop germs with unusual
antibiotic resistance before they spread.
}}Look for new ways to identify and evaluate strategies
to combat antibiotic resistance and improve prevention
interventions in both healthcare and community settings.
}}Conduct vector-borne disease community prevention trials
(e.g. Lyme disease) in collaboration with state, local, and
tribal partners.
}}Continue to build the Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank
in collaboration with FDA to advance the development
of diagnostic tests to identify and characterize resistant
bacteria, and to accelerate research and development for
new antibiotics.
4.3:Accelerate development and application of novel
diagnostic methods and technology, including
advanced molecular detection
}}Develop practical applications of DNA sequencing
technology to support public health priorities.
}}Integrate practical applications of DNA sequencing into
routine public health practice while continuing to look for
and adapt other, related technologies with the potential to
benefit public health.
}}Inform and foster research to understand resistance
mechanisms in animal agriculture and food production to
advance development of new vaccines, improve prevention
and control interventions, and identify new approaches to
antibiotic use.
}}Explore unanswered questions about antibiotic resistance
and humans, animals, and the environment (e.g., surface
water and soil).
13
�14
�PREVENT INFECTIONS
PROTECT PEOPLE
SAVE LIVES
15
�CS283860AJ
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Strategic Plan: 2018-2023
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Guide
Document providing operation or response information, general guidance documents.
URL
https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/pdf/ncezid-strategic-plan-2018-2023-508.pdf
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Strategic Plan: 2018-2023
Subject
The topic of the resource
General
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This document is a strategic roadmap for the work necessary to realize the center’s vision: prevent infections, protect people, and save lives. (CDC)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
CDC, Office of Infectious Diseases (CDC OID)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-08
Epidemic
Epidemiology
Federal
Outbreaks
Public Health
R-Gen
Special Pathogens
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/a1bf6645c4fa26cf44ee390d88ed849c.pdf
5c2801f733f570b3a197a9630ba4708b
PDF Text
Text
Investigation and public health management of possible cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
(v31 – August 2018)
Possible case definitions (either 1, 2 or 3)
1
1
Any person with severe acute respiratory infection requiring admission to hospital with symptoms of fever (≥ 38⁰C) or history of fever,
and cough plus evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease (eg clinical or radiological evidence of pneumonia or acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS)1)
AND AT LEAST ONE OF:
• history of travel to, or residence in an area where infection with MERS-CoV could have been acquired2 in the 14 days before
symptom onset
• close contact3 during the 14 days before onset of illness with a symptomatic confirmed case of MERS-CoV infection
• person is a healthcare worker based in ICU caring for patients with severe acute respiratory infection, regardless of travel or PPE
use
• part of a cluster of two or more epidemiologically linked cases within a two-week period requiring ICU admission, regardless of
history of travel
2
Acute influenza-like-illness symptoms (ILI), plus contact with camels, camel environments or consumption of camel products (e.g. raw
camel milk, camel urine) or contact with a hospital, in an affected country2 in the 14 days prior to onset.
ILI is defined as sudden onset of respiratory infection with measured fever of ≥ 38 C° and cough.
3
Acute respiratory illness (ARI) plus contact with a confirmed case of MERS-CoV in the 14 days prior to onset.
ARI is defined as sudden onset of respiratory infection with at least one of: shortness of breath, cough or sore throat.
MEETS POSSIBLE CASE DEFINITION
Local clinician/microbiologist:
• ensure appropriate samples are taken and contact the nearest MERS-CoV
testing laboratory
• ensure full PPE is worn (correctly fitted respirator [FFP3],gown, gloves and eye
protection) & patient managed as per MERS-CoV infection control advice4
• notify local PHE health protection team (HPT)
• consider testing for Legionnaire’s disease
TESTING LABORATORY RESULT POSITIVE FOR MERS-COV
(PRESUMPTIVE POSITIVE)5,6
Clinicians should
additionally be alert to the
possibility of atypical
presentations in patients
who are
immunocompromised,
atypical presentations may
include absence of fever.
2 Bahrain, Jordan, Iraq, Iran,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United
Arab Emirates , Yemen –
see map and Risk
Assessment
3 For close contact definition,
see page 2.
4 For IPC precautions see
Page 2.
5See laboratory guidance for
further information.
6A presumptive positive case
will trigger an IMT.
PHE Health Protection:
• inform PHE Colindale by email at respiratory.lead@phe.gov.uk and enter case
details on HPZone (Infection and unlisted managed context: MERS-CoV)
• collect possible case dataset (Form 1) – email to PHE Colindale
(respiratory.lead@phe.gov.uk)
• if a cluster is suspected, establish if there is an epidemiological link between
cases
TESTING LABORATORY RESULT NEGATIVE FOR MERS-COV5
Clinician/microbiologist: ensure full PPE is worn (see infection control advice)
MERS-CoV testing laboratory: Inform local HPT, the referring laboratory and PHE reference laboratory (RVU) and
send residual material urgently to PHE reference laboratory (RVU) for confirmatory testing – see laboratory guidance
PHE HPT: Telephone PHE Colindale immediately or contact the duty doctor if out of hours. Start to identify and
collate list of close contacts3 – email to PHE Colindale
REFERENCE
LABORATORY
RESULT NEGATIVE
FOR MERS-COV
DISCARD as
MERS-CoV
REFERENCE LABORATORY RESULT POSITIVE FOR MERS-COV = CONFIRMED CASE (SEE PAGE 2)
1 of 2
�Investigation and public health management of possible cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(v31 – August 2018)
CONFIRMED CASE ACTIONS
Clinician/microbiologist: collect appropriate baseline samples and send to PHE reference laboratory (RVU) – see laboratory guidance
PHE HPT : complete confirmed case initial form (Form 1a) – email to respiratory.lead@phe.gov.uk
ADDITIONALLY FOLLOW PHE MERS-CoV CLOSE CONTACT ALGORITHM
FOLLOW UP
Clinician/ microbiologist: ensure appropriate sequential follow-up samples are taken after discussion with the PHE Colindale incident management
team. See laboratory guidance
PHE HPT: complete confirmed case follow-up Form 1b 14-21 days since Form 1a completed – email to respiratory.lead@phe.gov.uk
Important Notes
CLOSE CONTACT: Close contact is defined as:
• prolonged face-to-face contact (>15 minutes) with a symptomatic confirmed case in a household or other closed setting OR
• healthcare or social care worker who provided direct clinical or personal care or examination of a symptomatic confirmed case, or within close
vicinity of an aerosol generating procedure AND who was not wearing full PPE at the time (infection control advice).
• all persons meeting the close contact definition should be notified to the local HPT regardless of decision to test or test results.
• the HPT to discuss with the National infections service
IPC Precautions: It is recommended that patient assessment and collection of clinical specimens for MERS-CoV testing is undertaken in settings
where appropriate Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures can be implemented. This may not be feasible in primary care settings, in which
case an appropriate local secondary care service should be contacted to discuss if patient referral is appropriate and to ensure IPC measures can be
implemented.
Co-infection: MERS-CoV co-infection with other respiratory pathogens has been reported previously – therefore any patient meeting the possible case
definition should be tested for MERS-CoV infection regardless of other infections being identified
© Crown copyright 2018
PHE publications Gateway number:
2017747
2 of 2
�
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<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
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<h2 class="gem-c-heading gem-c-heading--mobile-top-margin">Details</h2>
<div>
<div class="gem-c-govspeak govuk-govspeak direction-ltr">
<div class="govspeak">
<p>The incubation period for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is currently considered to be up to 14 days. Any respiratory illness occurring in the 14 days following last contact with a confirmed case of MERS-CoV is considered relevant.</p>
<p>Close contacts should self-isolate and alert their GP as soon as possible: where the close contacts are healthcare workers this should be their manager or occupational health service. Symptoms would include fever, cough, or any other respiratory symptoms.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
URL
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mers-cov-public-health-investigation-and-management-of-possible-cases
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
© Crown copyright 2018, Open Government Licence v3.0
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MERS-CoV: public health investigation and management of possible cases: Investigation and public health management of possible cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Subject
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Infection Control
Description
An account of the resource
Algorithm on public health investigation and management of possible cases of MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus).
Creator
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United Kingdom Department of Health (DH)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-08-07
Contributor
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2022-12-07 general asset review - IPC (move to R-T&C)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2023-12-10
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
Procedure
Protocol
R-T&C
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/b06bbc31300b24e911d386d0464db5df.png
b07ed7a1d2f7cd02573d65f2e043ee3f
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Discover
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An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
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Guide
Document providing operation or response information, general guidance documents.
Citation
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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Severe respiratory disease associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). 22nd update, 29 August 2018. Stockholm: ECDC, 2018.
URL
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-severe-respiratory-disease-associated-middle-east-11
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Title
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Rapid risk assessment: Severe respiratory disease associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), 22nd update
Subject
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Infection Control
Creator
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European Union, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Date
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2018-08-29
Description
An account of the resource
This update of ECDC’s risk assessment on MERS-CoV was triggered by the detection of a case imported into the EU/EEA from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In this update, we reassess the risk for EU/EEA residents.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2022-12-07 general asset review - IPC (move to R-T&C)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2023-12-10
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
R-T&C
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/2617c610b8b60d8a935777780d7d8189.png
745e98c9fc412cec1f8a77cce569c9da
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<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Guide
Document providing operation or response information, general guidance documents.
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This site contains guides for Diagnosis and Public health management.
URL
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers-cov-clinical-management-and-guidance
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Title
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MERS-CoV: Clinical Management and Guidance
Subject
The topic of the resource
Infection Control
Description
An account of the resource
Guidance on investigating Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), public health management of suspected UK cases and advice to travellers.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United Kingdom Department of Health (DH)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-09-20
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2022-12-07 general asset review - IPC (move to R-T&C)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2023-12-10
Coronavirus
Diagnosis
MERS-CoV
Public Health
R-T&C
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
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Martine van Roode, Carolina dos Santos Ribeiro, Elmoubasher Farag, Minahil Ahmed, Aya Moustafa, Linda van de Burgwal, Eric Claassen, Mohammed Nour, George Haringhuizen, Marion Koopmans. 2018. <em>Data sharing in public health emergencies: Analysis of barriers and enablers from an outbreak response perspective (SHARE): The case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)</em>. Wellcome Trust.
Abstract
Timely access to data during infectious disease outbreaks by those involved in research preparedness and response provides essential input for public health response and for outbreak-related research.
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free Online
URL
https://wellcome.ac.uk/what-we-do/our-work/data-sharing-public-health-emergencies
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
http://www.glopid-r.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/SHARE-MERS-CoV-case-study-report-final-1.pdf
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Title
A name given to the resource
Data sharing in public health emergencies: Analysis of barriers and enablers from an outbreak response perspective (SHARE)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Research
Description
An account of the resource
Timely access to data during infectious disease outbreaks by those involved in research preparedness and response provides essential input for public health response and for outbreak-related research.
Creator
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Wellcome Trust
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Martine van Roode, Carolina dos Santos Ribeiro, Elmoubasher Farag, Minahil Ahmed, Aya Moustafa, Linda van de Burgwal, Eric Claassen, Mohammed Nour, George Haringhuizen, Marion Koopmans.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-12
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Communications
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
R-Res&Pub
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/663e6f1c530303b92288dedd0a38a902.pdf
8173fd67bb2160759356025bc410b607
PDF Text
Text
Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
Clinical management of severe acute respiratory
infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected
Interim guidance
Updated January 2019
WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1 Revision 1
Introduction
The first edition of this document was published in 2013 and was revised in 2015. The current version is aligned with other WHO
documents on case definitions and laboratory testing for MERS and incorporates changes to recommendations in supportive care
of patients with critical illness based on evidence published since the last update.
This document is intended for clinicians taking care of hospitalised adult and paediatric patients with severe acute respiratory
infection (SARI) when MERS-CoV infection is suspected. It is not meant to replace clinical judgment or specialist consultation
but rather to strengthen clinical management of these patients and provide references to up-to-date guidance.
This document is organized into the following sections:
1. Early recognition of patients with SARI
2. Immediate implementation of appropriate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures
3. Early supportive therapy and monitoring
4. Collection of specimens for laboratory diagnosis
5. Management of hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
6. Management of septic shock
7. Prevention of complications
8. Specific anti-MERS-CoV treatments
9. Special considerations for pregnant patients
These symbols are used to flag interventions:
Do: the intervention is beneficial (strong recommendation) OR the intervention is a best practice statement
Don’t: the intervention is known to be harmful.
Consider: the intervention may be beneficial in selected patients (weak recommendation) OR be careful when considering
this intervention.
The emergence of a novel coronavirus in 2012, later named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has
presented challenges for clinical management. As of December 2018, there have been 2266 laboratory-confirmed cases of human
infection reported to WHO and 804 deaths, for a case-fatality rate of 35.5%. Twenty-seven countries have reported cases,
including those in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, North America and Asia. For epidemiologic updates, see the WHO MERSCoV website at http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/.
MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus with dromedary camels as the source of human infection. Approximately half of the reported
MERS-CoV infections have resulted from human-to-human transmission in health care settings; contact with respiratory droplets,
body fluids, and contaminated environmental surfaces, and aerosol-generating procedures have contributed to spread.1,2 MERSCoV does not appear to transmit easily from person to person unless there is close contact, such as providing clinical care to an
infected patient while not applying appropriate IPC measures, although super-spreading events have been reported in some health
care facilities.3,4 Secondary cases among household contacts have been reported less often.5 Sustained human-to-human
transmission of MERS-CoV has not been observed. Seroepidemiologic studies of high-risk workers and results from
comprehensive contact tracing and testing have identified asymptomatic infections.6
The clinical manifestations of MERS-CoV infections range from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia, often complicated
by ARDS, septic shock, and multi-organ failure leading to death. Patients with clinical illness (MERS) present after an incubation
period of 2 to 14 days with signs and symptoms of fever, chills, myalgias, cough, and dyspnoea.7 Some patients have
gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Fever may be absent in up to 15% of hospitalized cases.8 Rapid
progression to ARDS occurs, with a median of 2 days from hospitalization to intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Laboratory
abnormalities include cytopenias and elevated transaminases. Co-infections with other respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens
have been reported.9
The majority of patients with severe disease have been >50 years old and with at least one comorbid condition (e.g. diabetes,
hypertension, cardiac disease, obesity, chronic lung disease, end-stage renal disease, cancer, or receiving immunosuppressive
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�Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
therapy). Mild illness or asymptomatic infections have occurred predominantly among younger healthy persons, including health
care workers. Infections among children are uncommon. Predictors of mortality include older age and chronic lung disease. A
more detailed description of clinical and laboratory features of MERS-CoV infection can be found in a recent review.9
This document aims to provide clinicians with updated interim guidance on timely, effective, and safe supportive management of
patients with MERS-CoV and SARI, particularly those with critical illness.
The recommendations in this document are derived from WHO publications.10-13 Where WHO guidance is not available, we refer
to evidence-based guidelines and data from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Members of a
WHO global network of clinicians, MERS experts and clinicians who have treated MERS patients have reviewed the
recommendations (see Acknowledgements). For queries, please email outbreak@who.int with ‘MERS-CoV clinical question’ in the
subject line.
Related WHO documents include those focussed on home care for patients with mild infections and management of contacts,14
management of asymptomatic individuals who are positive for MERS-CoV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR),15 and IPC.16
1. Early recognition of patients with SARI
Recognize all patients with suspected MERS-CoV infection, including those with SARI.
Remarks: Life-threatening manifestations of MERS-CoV infection include severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock.
Early recognition of these clinical syndromes allows for timely initiation of IPC and treatment of patients.
Table 1. Definitions of MERS-CoV confirmed and probable cases and related clinical syndromes
Confirmed
MERS-CoV case
A person with laboratory confirmation of MERS-CoV infection (viral nucleic acid detection or serology), irrespective of clinical signs
and symptoms.
Probable MERSCoV case (either
[1], [2], or [3])17
1.
2.
3.
A febrile ARI with clinical, radiological, or histopathological evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease (e.g. pneumonia or
ARDS), AND
Direct epidemiologic link with a laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV case, AND
Testing for MERS-CoV is unavailable, negative on a single inadequate specimen, or inconclusive (as defined in 17)
A febrile ARI with clinical, radiological, or histopathological evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease (e.g. pneumonia or
ARDS) not explained fully by any other etiology, AND
The person resides or travelled in the Middle East, or in countries where MERS-CoV is known to be circulating in dromedary
camels or where human infections have recently occurred, AND
Testing for MERS-CoV is inconclusive
An acute febrile respiratory illness of any severity, AND
Direct epidemiologic link with a confirmed MERS-CoV case, AND
Testing for MERS-CoV is inconclusive
Severe acute
respiratory
infection (SARI)
An ARI with history of fever or measured temperature ≥38 C° and cough; onset within the last ~10 days; and requiring
hospitalization.18 However, the absence of fever does NOT exclude MERS-CoV infection.8 Thus, even in the absence of fever, a
patient with a history of cough or other respiratory symptoms should still be evaluated for MERS-CoV exposure.
Severe
pneumonia
Adolescent or adult: fever or suspected respiratory infection, plus one of respiratory rate >30 breaths/min, severe respiratory
distress, or SpO2 <90% on room air (adapted from [10]).
Child with cough or difficulty in breathing, plus at least one of the following: central cyanosis or SpO2 <90%; severe respiratory
distress (e.g. grunting, very severe chest indrawing); signs of pneumonia with a general danger sign: inability to breastfeed or drink,
lethargy or unconsciousness, or convulsions. Other signs of pneumonia may be present: chest indrawing, tachypnoea (in
breaths/min): <2 months, ≥60; 2–11 months, ≥50; 1–5 years, ≥40.11 The diagnosis is clinical; chest imaging can exclude
complications.
Acute
Respiratory
Distress
Syndrome19-21
Onset: new or worsening respiratory symptoms within one week of known clinical insult.
Chest imaging (radiograph, CT scan, or lung ultrasound): bilateral opacities, not fully explained by effusions, lobar or lung
collapse, or nodules.
Origin of oedema: respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. Need objective assessment (e.g.
echocardiography) to exclude hydrostatic cause of oedema if no risk factor present.
Oxygenation (adults):
•
Mild ARDS: 200 mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg (with PEEP or CPAP ≥5 cmH2O,19 or non-ventilated20)
•
Moderate ARDS: 100 mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 mmHg with PEEP ≥5 cmH2O,19 or non-ventilated20)
•
Severe ARDS: PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg with PEEP ≥5 cmH2O,19 or non-ventilated20)
•
When PaO2 is not available, SpO2/FiO2 ≤315 suggests ARDS (including in non-ventilated patients)
Oxygenation (children; note OI = Oxygenation Index and OSI = Oxygenation Index using SpO2):
•
Bilevel NIV or CPAP ≥5 cmH2O via full face mask: PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg or SpO2/FiO2 ≤264
•
Mild ARDS (invasively ventilated): 4 ≤ OI < 8 or 5 ≤ OSI < 7.5
•
Moderate ARDS (invasively ventilated): 8 ≤ OI < 16 or 7.5 ≤ OSI < 12.3
•
Severe ARDS (invasively ventilated): OI ≥ 16 or OSI ≥ 12.3
Sepsis22,23
Adults: life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to suspected or proven infection, with organ
dysfunction defined by an increase in the Sequential [Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score24 of ≥2 points.
Assume the baseline score is zero if data are not available. The SOFA score ranges from 0 to 24 and includes points related to 6
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organ systems: respiratory (hypoxemia defined by low PaO2/FiO2), coagulation (low platelets), liver (high bilirubin), cardiovascular
(hypotension), central nervous system (low level of consciousness defined by Glasgow Coma Scale), and renal (low urine output or
high creatinine).
Children: suspected or proven infection and ≥2 SIRS criteria, of which one must be abnormal temperature or white blood cell count.
Septic shock22,25
Adults: persisting hypotension despite volume resuscitation, requiring vasopressors to maintain MAP ≥65 mmHg and serum lactate
level >2 mmol/L.
Children (based on [25]): any hypotension (SBP <5th centile or >2 SD below normal for age) or 2-3 of the following: altered mental
state; tachycardia or bradycardia (HR <90 bpm or >160 bpm in infants and HR <70 bpm or >150 bpm in children); prolonged
capillary refill (>2 sec) or warm vasodilation with bounding pulses; tachypnea; mottled skin or petechial or purpuric rash; increased
lactate; oliguria; hyperthermia or hypothermia.
Abbreviations: ARI, acute respiratory infection; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats/minute; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; MAP, mean
arterial pressure; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; OI, Oxygenation Index; OSI, Oxygenation Index using SpO2; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PEEP, positive end-expiratory
pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SpO2, oxygen saturation. *If altitude is higher than 1000m, then
correction factor should be calculated as follows: PaO2/FiO2 x Barometric pressure/760. Small studies have found that in patients with MERS-CoV infection, the most common
radiographic finding is peripherally predominant ground glass opacities. However, consolidation, mixed ground glass and consolidation and pleural effusion have also been
described.26
2. Immediate implementation of appropriate IPC measures
IPC is a critical and integral part of clinical management of patients and should be initiated at the point of entry of the patient to
hospital (typically the Emergency Department). WHO IPC guidance related to MERS-CoV is available.16
Table 2. How to implement infection prevention and control measures16,27
When caring for ALL
patients
Apply routinely in all health-care settings for all patients. Standard precautions include hand hygiene; use of PPE to avoid direct
contact with patients’ blood, body fluids, secretions (including respiratory secretions) and non-intact skin. Standard precautions
also include prevention of needle-stick or sharps injury; safe waste management; cleaning and disinfection of equipment; and
cleaning of the environment.
When caring for patients
with cough or other
respiratory symptoms
(ARI)
Droplet precautions prevent large droplet transmission of respiratory viruses. Use a medical mask if working within 1 metre of the
patient. Place patients in single rooms, or group together those with the same etiological diagnosis. If an etiological diagnosis is
not possible, group patients with similar clinical diagnosis and based on epidemiological risk factors, with a spatial separation of
at least 1 metre. When providing care in close contact with a patient with respiratory symptoms (e.g. coughing or sneezing), use
eye protection (face-mask or goggles), because sprays of secretions may occur. Limit patient movement within the institution and
ensure that patients wear medical masks when outside their rooms.
When caring for patients
with suspected MERS
Droplet and contact precautions prevent direct or indirect transmission from contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment
(i.e. contact with contaminated oxygen tubing/interfaces). Use PPE (medical mask, eye protection, gloves and gown) when
entering room and remove PPE when leaving. If possible, use either disposable or dedicated equipment (e.g. stethoscopes,
blood pressure cuffs and thermometers). If equipment needs to be shared among patients, clean and disinfect between each
patient use. Ensure that health care workers refrain from touching their eyes, nose, and mouth with potentially contaminated
gloved or ungloved hands. Avoid contaminating environmental surfaces that are not directly related to patient care (e.g. door
handles and light switches). Ensure adequate room ventilation. Avoid movement of patients or transport. Perform hand hygiene.
When performing an
aerosol-generating
procedure in patient with
ARI
Ensure that healthcare workers performing aerosol-generating procedures (i.e. open suctioning of respiratory tract, high-flow
nasal oxygen, non-invasive ventilation, intubation, bronchoscopy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) use PPE, including
gloves, long-sleeved gowns, eye protection, and fit-tested particulate respirators (N95 or equivalent, or higher level of protection).
(The scheduled fit test should not be confused with user seal check before each use.) Whenever possible, use adequately
ventilated single rooms when performing aerosol-generating procedures, meaning negative pressure rooms with minimum of 12
air changes per hour or at least 160 litres/second/patient in facilities with natural ventilation. Avoid the presence of unnecessary
individuals in the room. Care for the patient in the same type of room after mechanical ventilation commences.
Abbreviations: ARI, acute respiratory infection; PPE, personal protective equipment
3. Early supportive therapy and monitoring
Give supplemental oxygen therapy immediately to patients with SARI and respiratory distress, hypoxaemia, or shock.
Remarks: Initiate oxygen therapy at 5 L/min and titrate flow rates to reach target SpO2 ≥90% in non-pregnant adults and SpO2
≥92-95 % in pregnant patients.10,11 Children with emergency signs (obstructed or absent breathing, severe respiratory distress,
central cyanosis, shock, coma or convulsions) should receive oxygen therapy during resuscitation to target SpO2 ≥94%; otherwise,
the target SpO2 is ≥90%.13 All areas where patients with SARI are cared for should be equipped with pulse oximeters, functioning
oxygen systems and disposable, single-use, oxygen-delivering interfaces (nasal cannula, simple face mask, and mask with
reservoir bag). Use contact precautions when handling contaminated oxygen interfaces of patients with MERS-CoV infection.
Use conservative fluid management in patients with SARI when there is no evidence of shock.
Remarks: Patients with SARI should be treated cautiously with intravenous fluids, because aggressive fluid resuscitation may
worsen oxygenation, especially in settings where there is limited availability of mechanical ventilation.28
Give empiric antimicrobials to treat all likely pathogens causing SARI. Give antimicrobials within one hour of initial patient
assessment for patients with sepsis.
Remarks: Although the patient may be suspected to have MERS, administer appropriate empiric antimicrobials within ONE hour
of identification of sepsis.29 Empiric antibiotic treatment should be based on the clinical diagnosis (community-acquired
pneumonia, health care-associated pneumonia [if infection was acquired in healthcare setting], or sepsis), local epidemiology and
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�Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
susceptibility data, and treatment guidelines. Empiric therapy includes a neuraminidase inhibitor for treatment of influenza when
there is local circulation or other risk factors, including travel history or exposure to animal influenza viruses.30 Empiric therapy
should be de-escalated on the basis of microbiology results and clinical judgment.
Do not routinely give systemic corticosteroids for treatment of viral pneumonia or ARDS outside of clinical trials unless they are
indicated for another reason.
Remarks: A systematic review of observational studies of corticosteroids administered to patients with SARS reported no survival
benefit and possible harms (avascular necrosis, psychosis, diabetes, and delayed viral clearance).31 A systematic review of
observational studies in influenza found a higher risk of mortality and secondary infections with corticosteroids; the evidence was
judged as very low to low quality due to confounding by indication. 32 A subsequent study that addressed this limitation by
adjusting for time-varying confounders found no effect on mortality.33 Finally, a recent study of patients receiving corticosteroids
for MERS used a similar statistical approach and found no effect of corticosteroids on mortality but delayed lower respiratory
tract (LRT) clearance of MERS-CoV.34 Given lack of effectiveness and possible harm, routine corticosteroids should be avoided
unless they are indicated for another reason. See section 6 for the use of corticosteroids in sepsis.
Closely monitor patients with SARI for signs of clinical deterioration, such as rapidly progressive respiratory failure and sepsis,
and apply supportive care interventions immediately.
Remarks: Application of timely, effective, and safe supportive therapies is the cornerstone of therapy for patients that develop
severe manifestations of MERS.
Understand the patient’s co-morbid condition(s) to tailor the management of critical illness and appreciate the prognosis.
Communicate early with patient and family.
Remarks: During intensive care management of SARI, determine which chronic therapies should be continued and which
therapies should be stopped temporarily. Communicate proactively with patients and families and provide support and prognostic
information. Understand the patient’s values and preferences regarding life-sustaining interventions.
4. Collection of specimens for laboratory diagnosis
WHO guidance on specimen collection, processing, and laboratory testing, including related biosafety procedures, is available.35
Collect blood cultures for bacteria that cause pneumonia and sepsis, ideally before antimicrobial therapy. DO NOT delay
antimicrobial therapy to collect blood cultures.
When possible, collect specimens from BOTH the upper respiratory tract (URT; nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal) AND lower
respiratory tract (LRT; sputum, endotracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage) for MERS-CoV testing by RT-PCR. Clinicians
may elect to collect only LRT samples when these are readily available (for example, in mechanically ventilated patients).
Serology for diagnostic purposes is recommended only when RT-PCR is not available.35
Remarks: Use appropriate PPE for specimen collection (droplet and contact precautions for URT specimens; airborne precautions
for LRT specimens). When collecting URT samples, use viral swabs (sterile Dacron or rayon, not cotton) and viral transport
media. Do not sample the nostrils or tonsils. In a patient with suspected MERS, especially with pneumonia or severe illness, a
single URT sample does not exclude the diagnosis, and additional URT and LRT samples are recommended.35 LRT (vs. URT)
samples are more likely to be positive and for a longer period.35 Clinicians may elect to collect only LRT samples when these are
readily available (for example, in mechanically ventilated patients).
If there is diagnostic uncertainty, both URT and LRT specimens can tested for other respiratory viruses, such as influenza A and B
(including zoonotic influenza A), respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses (e.g.
EVD68), human metapneumovirus, and endemic human coronaviruses (i.e. HKU1, OC43, NL63, and 229E). LRT specimens can
also be tested for bacterial pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila.
Although routine blood collection for MERS-CoV testing using RT-PCR is not recommended, a positive RT-PCR result is
associated with a more severe clinical course and higher mortality.36
Serology for diagnostic purposes is recommended only when RT-PCR is not available, and is not useful for early diagnosis of
MERS-CoV infection because 3 weeks are often required for the detection of seroconversion. Paired samples can be collected for
retrospective diagnosis. Ideally, these should be collected 1421 days apart, with the first being taken during the first week of
illness. If only one sample can be collected, do so at least 14 days after the onset of symptoms.35
In hospitalized patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection, repeat URT and LRT samples should be collected to demonstrate
viral clearance. The frequency of specimen collection will depend on local circumstances but should be at least every 2 to 4
days until there are two consecutive negative results (both URT and LRT samples if both are collected) in a clinically recovered
patient at least 24 hours apart. If local infection control practice requires two negative results before removal of droplet
precautions, specimens may be collected as often as daily.
Remarks: Prolonged viral shedding (>1 month) has been detected in respiratory tract of patients, particularly in LRT samples,
37
those with severe illness or if treated with corticosteroids,34 and can occur even when patients have clinically recovered.38,39
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�Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
5. Management of hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS
Recognize severe hypoxemic respiratory failure when a patient with respiratory distress is failing standard oxygen therapy.
Remarks: Patients may continue to have increased work of breathing or hypoxemia even when oxygen is delivered via a face
mask with reservoir bag (flow rates of 10-15 L/min, which is typically the minimum flow required to maintain bag inflation; FiO2
0.60-0.95). Hypoxemic respiratory failure in ARDS commonly results from intrapulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch or
shunt and usually requires mechanical ventilation.
High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) should only be used in selected patients with hypoxemic
respiratory failure. The risk of treatment failure is high in patients with MERS treated with NIV, and patients treated with either
HFNO or NIV should be closely monitored for clinical deterioration.
Remarks:
1. HFNO systems can deliver 60 L/min of gas flow and FiO2 up to 1.0; paediatric circuits generally only handle up to 15 L/min,
and many children will require an adult circuit to deliver adequate flow. Compared to standard oxygen therapy, HFNO reduces the
need for intubation.40 Patients with hypercapnia (exacerbation of obstructive lung disease, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema),
hemodynamic instability, multi-organ failure, or abnormal mental status should generally not receive HFNO, although emerging
data suggest that HFNO may be safe in patients with mild-moderate and non-worsening hypercapnia.41 Patients receiving HFNO
should be in a monitored setting and cared for by experienced personnel capable of endotracheal intubation in case the patient
acutely deteriorates or does not improve after a short trial (about 1 hr). Evidence-based guidelines on HFNO do not exist, and
reports on HFNO in MERS patients are limited.42
2. NIV guidelines make no recommendation on use in hypoxemic respiratory failure (apart from cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
and post-operative respiratory failure) or pandemic viral illness (referring to studies of SARS and pandemic influenza).43 Risks
include delayed intubation, large tidal volumes, and injurious transpulmonary pressures. Limited data suggest a high failure rate
when MERS patients receive NIV.44 Patients receiving a trial of NIV should be in a monitored setting and cared for by
experienced personnel capable of endotracheal intubation in case the patient acutely deteriorates or does not improve after a short
trial (about 1 hr). Patients with hemodynamic instability, multiorgan failure, or abnormal mental status should not receive NIV.
3. Because of the potential for aerosol generation, use airborne precautions when MERS patients receive HFNO or NIV.
Endotracheal intubation should be performed by a trained and experienced provider.
Remarks: Patients with ARDS, especially young children or those who are obese or pregnant, may desaturate quickly during
intubation. Pre-oxygenate with 100% FiO2 for 5 minutes, via a face mask with reservoir bag, bag-valve mask, HFNO, or NIV.
Rapid sequence intubation is appropriate after an airway assessment that identifies no signs of difficult intubation. Use airborne
precautions.
The following recommendations in this section pertain to mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS.29,45 These focus on adults;
consensus-based recommendations for children are available.46
Implement mechanical ventilation using lower tidal volumes (4–8 ml/kg predicted body weight, PBW) and lower inspiratory
pressures (plateau pressure <30 cmH2O).
Remarks: This is a strong recommendation from a clinical guideline for patients with ARDS,45 and is suggested for patients with
sepsis-induced respiratory failure who do not meet ARDS criteria.29 The initial tidal volume is 6 ml/kg PBW; tidal volume up to 8
ml/kg PBW is allowed if undesirable side effects occur (e.g. dyssynchrony, pH <7.15). Hypercapnia is permitted if meeting the
pH goal of 7.30-7.45. Ventilator protocols are available.47 The use of deep sedation may be required to control respiratory drive
and achieve tidal volume targets. Although high driving pressure (plateau pressure−PEEP) may more accurately predict increased
mortality in ARDS compared to high tidal volume or plateau pressure,48 RCTs of ventilation strategies that target driving pressure
are not currently available.
In patients with moderate or severe ARDS, higher PEEP instead of lower PEEP is suggested.
Remarks: PEEP titration requires consideration of benefits (reducing atelectrauma and improving alveolar recruitment) vs. risks
(end-inspiratory overdistension leading to lung injury and higher pulmonary vascular resistance). Tables are available to guide
PEEP titration based on the FiO2 required to maintain SpO2.47 A related intervention of recruitment manoeuvres (RMs) is
delivered as episodic periods of high continuous positive airway pressure [30–40 cm H2O], progressive incremental increases in
PEEP with constant driving pressure, or high driving pressure; considerations of benefits vs. risks are similar. Higher PEEP and
RMs were both conditionally recommended in a clinical practice guideline.45 For PEEP, the guideline considered an individual
patient data meta-analysis49 of 3 RCTs. However, a subsequent RCT of high PEEP and prolonged high-pressure RMs showed
harm; suggesting that the protocol in this RCT should be avoided.50 Monitoring of patients to identify those who respond to the
initial application of higher PEEP or a different RM protocol, and stopping these interventions in non-responders, is suggested.51
Avoid disconnecting the patient from the ventilator, which results in loss of PEEP and atelectasis. Use in-line catheters for
airway suctioning and clamp endotracheal tube when disconnection is required (for example, transfer to a transport ventilator).
In patients with severe ARDS, prone ventilation for >12 hours per day is recommended.
Remarks: Application of prone ventilation is strongly recommended for adult and paediatric patients with severe ARDS45 but
requires sufficient human resources and expertise to be performed safely.52,53
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�Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
In patients with moderate-severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 <150), consider neuromuscular blockade by continuous infusion for the initial
48 hours.
Remarks: One trial found that this strategy improved survival in patients with severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 <150) without causing
significant weakness,54 but results of a larger trial are pending (NCT02509078).
In high-resource settings, consider referral of patients with refractory hypoxemia to a centre with expertise in extracorporeal life
support (ECLS).
Remarks: A recent guideline made no recommendation about ECLS in patients with ARDS.45 Since then, an RCT of ECLS for
patients with ARDS was stopped early and found no statistically significant difference in 60-day mortality between ECLS and
standard medical management (including prone positioning and neuromuscular blockade).55 However, ECLS was associated with
a reduced risk of the composite outcome of mortality and crossover to ECLS,55 and a post hoc Bayesian analysis of this RCT
showed that ECLS is very likely to reduce mortality across a range of prior levels of enthusiasm or scepticism. 56 In patients with
MERS-CoV infection, ECLS vs. conventional treatment was associated with reduced mortality in a cohort study.57 ECLS should
only be offered in expert centres with a sufficient case volume to maintain expertise.58
Use a conservative fluid management strategy for ARDS patients without tissue hypoperfusion.
Remarks: This is a strong guideline recommendation;29 the main effect is to shorten the duration of ventilation. See reference [59]
for details of a sample protocol.
6. Management of septic shock
Recognize septic shock in adults when infection is suspected or confirmed AND vasopressors are needed to maintain mean
arterial pressure (MAP) ≥65 mmHg AND lactate is ≥2 mmol/L, in absence of hypovolemia.
Recognize septic shock in children with any hypotension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] <5th centile or >2 SD below normal for
age) or 2-3 of the following: altered mental state; tachycardia or bradycardia (HR <90 bpm or >160 bpm in infants and HR <70
bpm or >150 bpm in children); prolonged capillary refill (>2 sec) or warm vasodilation with bounding pulses; tachypnea; mottled
skin or petechial or purpuric rash; increased lactate; oliguria; hyperthermia or hypothermia.
Remarks: In the absence of a lactate measurement, use MAP and clinical signs of perfusion to define shock. Standard care
includes early recognition and the following treatments within 1 hour of recognition: antimicrobial therapy and fluid loading and
vasopressors for hypotension.60 The use of central venous and arterial catheters should be based on resource availability and
individual patient needs. Detailed guidelines are available for the management of septic shock in adults29 and children.11,12,25
In resuscitation from septic shock in adults, give at least 30 ml/kg of isotonic crystalloid in adults in the first 3 hours. In
resuscitation from septic shock in children, give 20 ml/kg as a rapid bolus and up to 40-60 ml/kg in the first 1 hr.
Do not use hypotonic crystalloids, starches, or gelatins for resuscitation.
Fluid resuscitation may lead to volume overload, including respiratory failure. If there is no response to fluid loading and signs
of volume overload appear (for example, jugular venous distension, crackles on lung auscultation, pulmonary oedema on
imaging, or hepatomegaly in children), then reduce or discontinue fluid administration. This step is particularly important where
mechanical ventilation is not available.
Remarks: Crystalloids include normal saline and Ringer’s lactate. Determine need for additional fluid boluses (250-1000 ml in
adults or 10-20 ml/kg in children) based on clinical response and improvement of perfusion targets. Perfusion targets include
MAP (>65 mmHg or age-appropriate targets in children), urine output (>0.5 ml/kg/hr in adults, 1 ml/kg/hr in children), and
improvement of skin mottling, capillary refill, level of consciousness, and lactate. Consider dynamic indices of volume
responsiveness to guide volume administration beyond initial resuscitation based on local resources and experience.29 These
indices include passive leg raises, fluid challenges with serial stroke volume measurements, or variations in systolic pressure,
pulse pressure, inferior vena cava size, or stroke volume in response to changes in intrathoracic pressure during mechanical
ventilation.
Starches are associated with an increased risk of death and acute kidney injury vs. crystalloids. The effects of gelatins are less
clear, but they are more expensive than cyrstalloids. 61,62 Hypotonic (vs. isotonic) solutions are less effective at increasing
intravascular volume. Surviving Sepsis also suggests albumin for resuscitation when patients require substantial amounts of
crystalloids, but this weak recommendation is based on low-quality evidence.29
Administer vasopressors when shock persists during or after fluid resuscitation. The initial blood pressure target is MAP ≥65
mmHg in adults and age-appropriate targets in children.
If central venous catheters are not available, vasopressors can be given through a peripheral IV, but use a large vein and closely
monitor for signs of extravasation and local tissue necrosis. If extravasation occurs, stop infusion. Vasopressors can also be
administered through intraosseous needles.
If signs of poor perfusion and cardiac dysfunction persist despite achieving MAP target with fluids and vasopressors, consider
an inotrope such as dobutamine.
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�Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
Remarks: Vasopressors (i.e. norepinephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin, and dopamine) are most safely given through a central
venous catheter at a strictly controlled rate, but it is also possible to safely administer them via peripheral vein63 and intraosseous
needle. Monitor blood pressure frequently and titrate the vasopressor to the minimum dose necessary to maintain perfusion and
prevent side effects. Norepinephrine is considered first-line in adult patients; epinephrine or vasopressin can be added to achieve
the MAP target. Because of the risk of tachyarrhythmia, reserve dopamine for selected patients with low risk of tachyarrhythmia
or those with bradycardia. In children with cold shock (more common), epinephrine is considered first-line, while norepinephrine
is used in patients with warm shock (less common).
No RCTs have compared dobutamine to placebo for clinical outcomes. 29
In patients with sepsis, consider intravenous hydrocortisone (up to 200 mg/day, 1 mg/kg every 6 hours for children) or
prednisolone (up to 50 mg/day).
Remarks: A recent guideline that incorporates the findings of 2 recent large RCTs makes a weak recommendation for
corticosteroids for all patients with sepsis (including septic shock).64 Surviving Sepsis guidelines, written before these RCTs were
reported, recommend corticosteroids only for patients in whom adequate fluids and vasopressor therapy do not restore
hemodynamic stability.29 Clinicians considering corticosteroids for a patient with MERS-CoV and with sepsis must balance the
potential small reduction in mortality with the downside of prolonged shedding of MERS-CoV in the respiratory tract.34,37,65 If
corticosteroids are prescribed, monitor and treat hyperglycaemia, hypernatraemia, and hypokalaemia. Monitor for recurrence of
inflammation and signs of adrenal insufficiency after stopping corticosteroids, which may have to be tapered.
7. Prevention of complications
Implement the following interventions (Table 3) to prevent complications associated with critical illness. These interventions are
based on Surviving Sepsis29 or other guidelines,66-69 and are generally limited to feasible recommendations based on high quality
evidence.
Table 3. Prevention of complications
Anticipated Outcome
Interventions
Reduce days of invasive
mechanical ventilation
• Use weaning protocols that include daily assessment for readiness to breathe spontaneously
• Minimize continuous or intermittent sedation, targeting specific titration endpoints (light sedation unless contraindicated)
or with daily interruption of continuous sedative infusions
Reduce incidence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia
•
•
•
•
Reduce incidence of venous
thromboembolism
• Use pharmacological prophylaxis (low molecular-weight heparin [preferred if available] or heparin 5000 units
subcutaneously twice daily) in adolescents and adults without contraindications. For those with contraindications, use
mechanical prophylaxis (intermittent pneumatic compression devices).
Reduce incidence of catheterrelated bloodstream infection
• Use a checklist with completion verified by a real-time observer as reminder of each step needed for sterile insertion
and as a daily reminder to remove catheter if no longer needed
Reduce incidence of pressure
ulcers
• Turn patient every two hours
Reduce incidence of stress ulcers
and gastrointestinal bleeding
• Give early enteral nutrition (within 24–48 hours of admission)
• Administer histamine-2 receptor blockers or proton-pump inhibitors in patients with risk factors for GI bleeding. Risk
factors for gastrointestinal bleeding include mechanical ventilation for ≥48 hours, coagulopathy, renal replacement
therapy, liver disease, multiple comorbidities, and higher organ failure score
Reduce incidence of ICU-related
weakness
• Actively mobilize the patient early in the course of illness when safe to do so
Oral intubation is preferable to nasal intubation in adolescents and adults
Keep patient in semi-recumbent position (head of bed elevation 30-45º)
Use a closed suctioning system; periodically drain and discard condensate in tubing
Use a new ventilator circuit for each patient; once patient is ventilated, change circuit if it is soiled or damaged but not
routinely
• Change heat moisture exchanger when it malfunctions, when soiled, or every 5–7 days
8. Specific anti-MERS-CoV treatments
There is no current evidence from RCTs to recommend any specific anti-MERS-CoV treatment for patients with suspected or
confirmed MERS.
Unlicenced treatments should be administered only in the context of peer-reviewed research studies with local ethics committee
approval.
Open access SARI data collection protocols and case record forms are available at https://isaric.tghn.org/protocols/severe-acuterespiratory-infection-data-tools/
Remarks: Various treatments have been postulated to have anti-MERS-CoV efficacy, based on in vitro, animal, or clinical studies
with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. These agents include interferons, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, polyclonal anti-MERS-CoV
human antibodies and immunoglobulin, humanized murine anti-S monoclonal antibodies, nucleoside viral RNA polymerase
inhibitors (e.g. remdesivir), peptidic inhibitors (e.g. HR2P-M2), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (details in [9]).
7
�Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance
Observational studies in patients with MERS-CoV of interferons, ribavirin, and lopinavir/ritonavir with IFN-β1b have not shown
consistent effects.9 Of note, while MMF is inhibitory in cell culture,70 it was harmful and associated with increased MERS-CoV
replication in a non-human primate study.71 Ribavirin does not inhibit viral replication in vitro at a concentration that could be
achieved reliably with current human dosing regimens.70 One RCT of lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant IFN-β1b vs. standard
care is currently enrolling patients.72 A trial protocol for convalescent plasma from recovered patients is registered,73 but
feasibility may be limited by the low prevalence of MERS survivors with high antibody titres. 74,75 A phase 1 study of a fully
human polyclonal IgG antibody (SAB-301) produced from the hyperimmune plasma of transchromosomic cattle immunized with
a MERS-CoV vaccine showed no safety concerns at single doses up to 50 mg/kg. 76 Other studies on MERS can be found on the
WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/).
RCTs are needed to evaluate these agents, ideally with standardized approaches to supportive care and pre-planned individual
patient data meta-analyses to combine studies performed in different outbreaks. WHO through the WHO R&D Blueprint is
working with academic, medical and public health partners to identify suitable therapies for clinical trials and is in the process of
developing clinical protocols for the study of specific anti-MERS-CoV agents.77 A list of potential therapies have also been
previously been compiled by Public Health England and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection
Consortium (ISARIC).78
9. Special considerations for pregnant patients
Pregnant women with MERS should be treated with supportive therapies as described above, taking into account the
physiologic adaptations of pregnancy.
The use of investigational therapeutic agents outside of a research study should be guided by individual risk-benefit analysis
based on potential benefit for mother and safety to fetus, with consultation from an obstetric specialist and ethics committee.
Remarks: Ribavirin has been shown to be genotoxic in vitro and teratogenic in animal models. Other potential specific antiMERS-CoV treatments have not been tested for safety in pregnancy and therefore their use should be considered only when
potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Emergency delivery and pregnancy termination decisions are challenging and based on many factors: gestational age, maternal
condition, and fetal stability. Consultations with obstetric, neonatal, and intensive care specialists (depending on the condition
of the mother) are essential.
10. Acknowledgements
The original version of this document was developed in consultation with International Forum for Acute Care Trialists (InFACT),
ISARIC and Surviving Sepsis Campaign. The following individuals contributed to or reviewed the current version:
WHO: Neill Adhikari (consultant), Janet Diaz, Devika Dixit, Amgad Elkholy, Dina Pfeifer, Mamun Malik, Maria Van Kerkhove.
Non-WHO experts: Mohammed Al-Hajri, Ministry for Health, Qatar; Farida Al-Hosani, Abu Dhabi; Majid Alshamrani, King
Abdulaziz Medical Center, Saudi Arabia; Yaseen Arabi, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia;
Abdullah Assiri, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; Hail Al Abdely, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; Kenneth Baillie, University
of Edinburgh, UK; Adeel Butt, Hamad Medical Corporation and Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar; Antonio Di Caro,
National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Italy; Jake Dunning, Imperial College London, UK; William Fischer II, University of
North Carolina, USA; Rob Fowler, University of Toronto, Canada; Zhancheng Gao, Peking University People’s Hospital, China;
Susan Gerber, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA; Benoit Guery, University of Lille Nord de France, France;
Frederick Hayden, University of Virginia, USA; David Hui, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Youngmee Jee,
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea; Yae-Jean Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center,
Korea; Paula Lister, University of Queensland, Australia; Srinivas Murthy, University of British Columbia, Canada; Myoung-don
Oh, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; Richard Peabody, Public Health England, UK; Naoki Shimizu, Metropolitan
Children's Medical Centre, Japan; Tim Uyeki, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA; John Watson, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, USA; Alimuddin Zumla, University College London, UK.
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<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
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</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance, Updated January 2019 (WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1Revision 1). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2019. License: CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free Online; License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.
URL
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/178529
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/178529
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected - Interim guidance
Subject
The topic of the resource
Treatment & Care
Description
An account of the resource
<h3 class="section_head1">Overview</h3>
<p>This document is intended for clinicians taking care of critically ill patients (adults and children) with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI).</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-01
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2025-09-27
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2022-09-27 - general asset review - Treatment & Care group
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
R-Res&Pub
R-T&C
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/bbc281f6e67cc06f35a852f1f47c5ea0.docx
10c25200fde7e3b59ddc5fc5eb629e64
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Protocol
Protocol documentation
Objectives
Using a standardized protocol such as the protocol described below, epidemiological exposure data and biological samples can be systematically collected and shared rapidly in a format that can be easily aggregated, tabulated and analyzed across many different settings globally. This is particularly important in the context of a novel respiratory pathogen. (WHO)
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free Online; Copyright WHO, CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0
URL
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/assessment-of-potential-risk-factors-of-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)-infection-among-health-care-personnel-in-a-health-care-setting
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Assessment of potential risk factors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection among health care personnel in a health care setting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Infection Control
Description
An account of the resource
Protocol for MERS-CoV: This protocol outlines methods of an analytical epidemiological, virological and serological study involving staff working at a health care facility(ies) where an index patient infected with MERS-CoV virus is currently being or has been treated. (WHO)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-01
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2022-12-07 general asset review - IPC (move to R-T&C)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2023-12-10
Coronavirus
Infection Prevention and Control
MERS-CoV
Occupational Exposure
Occupational Health
R-Res&Pub
R-T&C
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Guide
Document providing operation or response information, general guidance documents.
URL
https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Frequently asked questions on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV)
Subject
The topic of the resource
General
Description
An account of the resource
MERS-Cov FAQ
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-01-21
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
R-Gen
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Guide
Document providing operation or response information, general guidance documents.
URL
https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Fact Sheet
Subject
The topic of the resource
General
Description
An account of the resource
MERS-CoV Fact Sheet
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-03-11
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
R-Gen
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Perlman, Stanley. 2020. "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus." New England Journal of Medicine.
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free on journal website
URL
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2001126
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Another Decade, Another Coronavirus
Subject
The topic of the resource
General
Description
An account of the resource
For the third time in as many decades, a zoonotic coronavirus has crossed species to infect human populations. This virus, provisionally called 2019-nCoV, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in persons exposed to a seafood or wet market.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Stanley Perlman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-01-24
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Coronavirus
COVID-19
Diagnosis
MERS-CoV
R-Gen
R-Res&Pub
SARS
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Li, Jie, Jun Li, Xiaoru Xie, Xiaomei Cai, Jian Huang, Xuemei Tian, and Hong Zhu. 2020. "Game consumption and the 2019 novel coronavirus." The Lancet Infectious Diseases 20 (3):275-6.
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free online on Lancet site.
URL
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30063-3/fulltext
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30063-3/fulltext
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Game consumption and the 2019 novel coronavirus
Subject
The topic of the resource
Research
Description
An account of the resource
In December, 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infecting humans was first identified in Wuhan, China.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Li, Jie, Jun Li, Xiaoru Xie, Xiaomei Cai, Jian Huang, Xuemei Tian, and Hong Zhu.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-02-07
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
2019-nCoV
Coronavirus
COVID-19
R-Res&Pub
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Herstein, Jocelyn J., Aurora B. Le, Lily A. McNulty, Sean A. Buehler, Paul D. Biddinger, Angela L. Hewlett, John J. Lowe, and Shawn G. Gibbs. 2020. "Update on Ebola Treatment Center Costs and Sustainability, United States, 2019." Emerging infectious diseases 26 (5):10.3201/eid2605.191245.
Abstract
<div>
<p>We surveyed 56 Ebola treatment centers (ETCs) in the United States and identified costs incurred since 2014 ($1.76 million/ETC) and sustainability strategies. ETCs reported heavy reliance on federal funding. It is uncertain if, or for how long, ETCs can maintain capabilities should federal funding expire in 2020.</p>
</div>
<div class="keywords">
<h4>KEYWORDS:</h4>
<p>Ebola; Ebola treatment centers; Ebola virus disease; Ebolavirus; United States; communicable diseases; costs; emerging; hospitals; isolation; sustainability; viruses; zoonoses</p>
</div>
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free online
URL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32097110
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/5/19-1245_article
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Update on Ebola Treatment Center Costs and Sustainability, United States, 2019
Subject
The topic of the resource
Physical Infrastructure
Description
An account of the resource
We surveyed 56 Ebola treatment centers (ETCs) in the United States and identified costs incurred since 2014 ($1.76 million/ETC) and sustainability strategies.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Herstein, Jocelyn J., Aurora B. Le, Lily A. McNulty, Sean A. Buehler, Paul D. Biddinger, Angela L. Hewlett, John J. Lowe, and Shawn G. Gibbs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-05-17
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2023-08-31 by Shawn Gibbs - PhysInfr General Review - COI Gibbs co-author
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2026-08-31
Ebola
Example
Isolate
Isolation/Biocontainment
Physical Infrastructure
R-Lead
R-PhIn
R-Res&Pub
Special Pathogens
Treatment Facility
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Halfmann, Peter J., Masato Hatta, Shiho Chiba, Tadashi Maemura, Shufang Fan, Makoto Takeda, Noriko Kinoshita, Shin-ichiro Hattori, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Masaki Imai, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. 2020. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats." New England Journal of Medicine 383 (6):592-4.
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free online on NEJM
URL
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2013400
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2013400
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats
Subject
The topic of the resource
Research
Description
An account of the resource
Reports of human-to-feline transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of limited airborne transmission among cats prompted us to evaluate nasal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 from inoculated cats and the subsequent transmission of the virus by direct contact between virus-inoculated cats and cats with no previous infection with the virus.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Halfmann, Peter J., Masato Hatta, Shiho Chiba, Tadashi Maemura, Shufang Fan, Makoto Takeda, Noriko Kinoshita, Shin-ichiro Hattori, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Masaki Imai, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-08-06
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
2019-nCoV
Airborne Transmission
Coronavirus
COVID-19
Droplet Transmission
Pets
R-Res&Pub
Research
Zoonotic
-
https://repository.netecweb.org/files/original/25dd695aa15a518fd2e0f8920c770faa.png
1b6b01a22c0ec5517f95feb53db57c40
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Hyperlink
A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet.
URL
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-disease
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Marburg virus disease Fact Sheet
Subject
The topic of the resource
General
Description
An account of the resource
This WHO fact sheet covers Marburg virus disease:<br />
<ul>
<li>Key facts</li>
<li>Transmission</li>
<li>Symptoms of Marburg virus disease</li>
<li>Diagnosis</li>
<li>Treatment and vaccines</li>
<li>Marburg virus in animals</li>
<li>Prevention and control</li>
<li>Controlling infection in healthcare settings</li>
<li>Marburg viral persistence in in people recovering from Marburg virus disease</li>
<li>WHO response</li>
</ul>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021-08-07
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2022-12-07 general asset review - IPC
Relation
A related resource
Y
Y - D0.1IC/D0.2IC Qualtrics # 231, original # 17a (additional resources)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2023-12-10
Contact Transmission
Diagnosis
Infection Prevention and Control
Marburg
Occupational Exposure
Occupational Health
Outcomes
R-IPC
R-PM
Treatment and Care
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Johnson K, Vu M, Freiberg AN. Recent advances in combating Nipah virus. Fac Rev. 2021 Sep 29;10:74. doi: 10.12703/r/10-74. PMID: 34632460; PMCID: PMC8483238.
Abstract
<div>
<p>Over the past 20 years, Nipah virus (NiV) has emerged as a significant, highly pathogenic bat-borne paramyxovirus causing severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans, and human-to-human transmission has been demonstrated in multiple outbreaks. In addition to causing serious illness in humans, NiV is a zoonotic pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of other mammalian species, including pigs and horses. While NiV has caused less than 700 human cases since its discovery in 1998/1999, the involvement of intermediate agricultural hosts can result in significant economic consequences. Owing to the severity of disease, capacity for human-to-human transmission, zoonotic potential, and lack of available approved therapeutic treatment options, NiV has been listed by the World Health Organization in their Blueprint list of priority pathogens as one of the eight most dangerous pathogens to monitor and prepare countermeasures to prevent a pandemic. Here, we discuss progress towards the development of therapeutic measures for the treatment of NiV infection and disease.</p>
</div>
<div><strong>Keywords: </strong><span>Nipah virus, henipavirus, respiratory disease, encephalitis, antivirals, antibodies</span></div>
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free online on PubMed Central.
URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34632460/
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8483238/
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Recent advances in combating Nipah virus
Subject
The topic of the resource
Infection Control
Description
An account of the resource
Over the past 20 years, Nipah virus (NiV) has emerged as a significant, highly pathogenic bat-borne paramyxovirus causing severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans, and human-to-human transmission has been demonstrated in multiple outbreaks.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kendra Johnson, Michelle Vu, and Alexander N Freiberg.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021-09-29
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2024-10-03
Nipah (NiV)
R-IPC
Respiratory Pathogen
Zoonotic
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Discover
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:80%;line-height:24px;"><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/ncov/ncov"><button>COVID-19 Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#Map"><button>Outbreak Map</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/news#News"><button>Newsfeed</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/monkeypox/monkeypox"><button>Monkeypox 2021</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/drcebola2018/drcebola2018"><button>2020 Ebola Update</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/ebolatimeline"><button>Ebola Timeline</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/mers/mers"><button>MERS</button></a><a href="https://repository.netecweb.org/exhibits/show/aerosol/aerosol"><button>Airborne Transmission</button></a></span></h2>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Discover Background Data and Resources:</h2>
<ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Get introduced to NETEC through the interactive timeline of special pathogens below.* This timeline describes some significant special pathogen events in recent history.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Find out more about the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the development of the ASPR/CDC-supported network of healthcare facilities preparing for the next outbreak through <em><a href="/ebolatimeline"><button>the Ebola timeline</button></a>.</em></span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">This NETEC Repository helps to provide training and educational resources to prepare for future special pathogen events. </span></p>
</li>
</ul><ul><li>
<p><span style="line-height:24px;">Explore the files BELOW THE TIMELINE to <em><strong>discover and learn</strong></em> more about Ebola and other Special Pathogens, an overview of special pathogens, clinically managing patients affected, and readying healthcare teams and systems to keep everyone safe.</span></p>
</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;">Timeline of Special Pathogens:</h2>
<a href="#click">Skip timeline</a>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><iframe width="100%" height="635" style="border:1px solid #000000;" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1AQiHJEzkhEi71uIi7wTWWgSFRwR6wRbRyfhbASrw3Ig&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" title="Timeline of Special Pathogens"></iframe></p>
<h2 style="background-color:#c7e5f8;"><span style="font-size:70%;">*Click for <a href="/timeline2access"><button>a screen reader accessible table of this timeline</button></a>. </span></h2>
</div>
Publication
A peer reviewed publication.
Citation
Citation information for the publication itself.
Alam AM. Nipah virus, an emerging zoonotic disease causing fatal encephalitis. Clin Med (Lond). 2022 Jul;22(4):348-352. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0166. Epub 2022 Jun 27. PMID: 35760448; PMCID: PMC9345211.
Abstract
<div>
<p>Nipah virus is an acute febrile illness that can cause fatal encephalitis. It is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus endemic to south-east Asia and the western Pacific, and can be transmitted by its primary reservoir of fruit bats, through intermediate animal vectors and by human-to-human spread. Outbreaks of Nipah virus encephalitis have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, India and Bangladesh, with the most recent outbreak occurring in Kerala, India in late 2021. Extremely high case fatality rates have been reported from these outbreaks, and to date no vaccines or therapeutic management options are available. Combining this with its propensity to present non-specifically, Nipah virus encephalitis presents a challenging diagnosis that should not be missed in patients returning from endemic regions. Raising awareness of the epidemiology, clinical presentation and risk factors of contracting Nipah virus is vital to recognise and manage potential outbreaks of this disease in the UK.</p>
</div>
<div><strong>KEYWORDS: </strong><span>Nipah virus, encephalitis, emerging diseases, zoonotic disease, tropical medicine</span></div>
Accessibility
Information on accessibility of the document(s), such as university log-in necessary, request form, open access, etc.
Free online on PubMed Central.
URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35760448/
Read Online
Online location of the resource.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345211/
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Nipah virus, an emerging zoonotic disease causing fatal encephalitis
Subject
The topic of the resource
Infection Control
Description
An account of the resource
Nipah virus is an acute febrile illness that can cause fatal encephalitis. It is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus endemic to south-east Asia and the western Pacific, and can be transmitted by its primary reservoir of fruit bats, through intermediate animal vectors and by human-to-human spread.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ali M Alam.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2022-07-22
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Publication
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2024-10-03
Nipah (NiV)
R-IPC
Zoonotic